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Apigenin produced by maize flavone synthase I and II protects plants against UV‐B ‐induced damage
Author(s) -
Righini Silvana,
Rodriguez Eduardo José,
Berosich Carla,
Grotewold Erich,
Casati Paula,
Falcone Ferreyra María Lorena
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
plant, cell and environment
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.646
H-Index - 200
eISSN - 1365-3040
pISSN - 0140-7791
DOI - 10.1111/pce.13428
Subject(s) - apigenin , flavones , arabidopsis , enzyme , biochemistry , biosynthesis , mutant , chemistry , atp synthase , transgene , biology , flavonoid , botany , gene , antioxidant
Flavones, one of the largest groups of flavonoids, have beneficial effects on human health and are considered of high nutritional value. Previously, we demonstrated that maize type I flavone synthase ( Zm FNSI) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of O ‐glycosyl flavones in floral tissues. However, in related species such as rice and sorghum, type II FNS enzymes also contribute to flavone biosynthesis. In this work, we provide evidence that maize has both one FNSI and one FNSII flavone synthases. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing each FNS enzyme were generated to validate the role of flavones in protecting plants against UV‐B radiation. Here, we demostrate that Zm CYP93G7 (FNSII) has flavone synthase activity and is able to complement the Arabidopsis dmr6 mutant, restoring the susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae . ZmFNSII expression is controlled by the C1/PL1 + R/B anthocyanin transcriptional complexes, and both ZmFNSI and ZmFNSII are regulated by UV‐B. Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing Zm FNSI or Zm FNSII that accumulate apigenin exhibit less UV‐B‐induced damage than wild‐type plants. Together, we show that maize has two FNS‐type enzymes that participate in the synthesis of apigenin, conferring protection against UV‐B radiation.