Engineering Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz for enhanced oil and seed yields by combining diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase expression

Summary Plant seed oil‐based liquid transportation fuels (i.e., biodiesel and green diesel) have tremendous potential as environmentally, economically and technologically feasible alternatives to petroleum‐derived fuels. Due to their nutritional and industrial importance, one of the major objectives is to increase the seed yield and oil production of oilseed crops via biotechnological approaches. Camelina sativa , an emerging oilseed crop, has been proposed as an ideal crop for biodiesel and bioproduct applications. Further increase in seed oil yield by increasing the flux of carbon from increased photosynthesis into triacylglycerol ( TAG ) synthesis will make this crop more profitable. To increase the oil yield, we engineered Camelina by co‐expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 ( DGAT 1 ) and a yeast cytosolic glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase ( GPD 1 ) genes under the control of seed‐specific promoters. Plants co‐expressing DGAT 1 and GPD 1 exhibited up to 13% higher seed oil content and up to 52% increase in seed mass compared to wild‐type plants. Further, DGAT 1‐ and GDP 1‐co‐expressing lines showed significantly higher seed and oil yields on a dry weight basis than the wild‐type controls or plants expressing DGAT 1 and GPD 1 alone. The oil harvest index (g oil per g total dry matter) for DGTA 1‐ and GPD 1‐co‐expressing lines was almost twofold higher as compared to wild type and the lines expressing DGAT 1 and GPD 1 alone. Therefore, combining the overexpression of TAG biosynthetic genes, DGAT 1 and GPD 1 , appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, and thereby further increase the oil yield.