Open AccessCold chain and virus‐free chloroplast‐made booster vaccine to confer immunity against different poliovirus serotypes
Author(s) -
Chan HuiTing,
Xiao Yuhong,
Weldon William C.,
Oberste Steven M.,
Chumakov Konstantin,
Daniell Henry
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
plant biotechnology journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.525
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1467-7652
pISSN - 1467-7644
DOI - 10.1111/pbi.12575
Subject(s) - poliovirus , virology , inactivated poliovirus vaccine , biology , booster dose , serotype , poliomyelitis , herd immunity , immunity , vaccination , antigen , booster (rocketry) , virus , microbiology and biotechnology , titer , immunology , immune system , physics , astronomy
Summary The WHO recommends complete withdrawal of oral polio vaccine ( OPV ) type 2 by April 2016 globally and replacing with at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine ( IPV ). However, high‐cost, limited supply of IPV , persistent circulating vaccine‐derived polioviruses transmission and need for subsequent boosters remain unresolved. To meet this critical need, a novel strategy of a low‐cost cold chain‐free plant‐made viral protein 1 ( VP 1) subunit oral booster vaccine after single IPV dose is reported. Codon optimization of the VP 1 gene enhanced expression by 50‐fold in chloroplasts. Oral boosting of VP 1 expressed in plant cells with plant‐derived adjuvants after single priming with IPV significantly increased VP 1‐IgG1 and VP 1‐IgA titres when compared to lower IgG1 or negligible IgA titres with IPV injections. IgA plays a pivotal role in polio eradication because of its transmission through contaminated water or sewer systems. Neutralizing antibody titres (~3.17–10.17 log 2 titre) and seropositivity (70–90%) against all three poliovirus Sabin serotypes were observed with two doses of IPV and plant‐cell oral boosters but single dose of IPV resulted in poor neutralization. Lyophilized plant cells expressing VP 1 stored at ambient temperature maintained efficacy and preserved antigen folding/assembly indefinitely, thereby eliminating cold chain currently required for all vaccines. Replacement of OPV with this booster vaccine and the next steps in clinical translation of FDA ‐approved antigens and adjuvants are discussed.