Floral induction and flower formation—the role and potential applications of mi RNA s

Summary The multiple regulatory pathways controlling flowering and flower development are varied and complex, and they require tight control of gene expression and protein levels. Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) act at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level to regulate key genes involved in flowering‐related processes such as the juvenile–adult transition, the induction of floral competence and flower development. Many different mi RNA families are involved in these processes and their roles are summarized in this review, along with potential biotechnological applications for mi RNA s in controlling processes related to flowering and flower development.