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Optimum time for intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication
Author(s) -
Hasan ABM Kamrul,
Sivasankar Raman,
Nair Salil G.,
Hasan Wamia U.,
Latif Zulaidi
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
pediatric anesthesia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.704
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1460-9592
pISSN - 1155-5645
DOI - 10.1111/pan.13308
Subject(s) - medicine , nitrous oxide , premedication , sevoflurane , anesthesia , oxygen , organic chemistry , chemistry
Summary Background Intravenous cannulation is usually done in children after inhalational induction with volatile anesthetic agents. The optimum time for safe intravenous cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide has been studied in premedicated children, but there is no information for the optimum time for cannulation with inhalational induction in children without premedication. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the optimum time for intravenous cannulation after the induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in children without any premedication. Methods This is a prospective, observer‐blinded, up‐and‐down sequential allocation study in unpremedicated ASA grade 1 children aged 2‐6 years undergoing elective dental surgery. Intravenous cannulation was attempted after inhalational induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide. The timing of cannulation was considered adequate if there was no movement, coughing, or laryngospasm. The cannulation attempt for the first child was set at 4 minutes after the loss of eyelash reflex and the time for intravenous cannulation was determined by the up‐and‐down method using 15 seconds as step size. Probit test was used to analyze the up‐down sequences for the study. Results The adequate time for effective cannulation after induction with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide in 50% and 95% of patients was 53.02 seconds (95% confidence limits, 20.23‐67.76 seconds) and 87.21 seconds (95% confidence limits, 70.77‐248.03 seconds), respectively. Conclusion We recommend waiting for 1 minute 45 seconds (105 seconds) after the loss of eyelash reflex before attempting intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients induced with sevoflurane, oxygen, and nitrous oxide without any premedication.