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Enhanced T helper 1 and 2 cytokine responses at birth associate with lower risk of middle ear infections in infancy
Author(s) -
Bergroth Eija,
Roponen Marjut,
Karvonen Anne M.,
KeskiNisula Leea,
Remes Sami,
Riedler Josef,
Roduit Caroline,
Dalphin JeanCharles,
Kaulek Vincent,
Loss Georg J.,
Lauener Roger,
Hirvonen MaijaRiitta,
Genuneit Jon,
SchmaußerHechfellner Elisabeth,
Renz Harald,
Pfefferle Petra I.,
KraussEtschmann Susanne,
Schaub Bianca,
Mutius Erika,
Pekkanen Juha
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
pediatric allergy and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.269
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1399-3038
pISSN - 0905-6157
DOI - 10.1111/pai.12658
Subject(s) - medicine , relative risk , cord blood , population , immunology , prospective cohort study , respiratory tract infections , confidence interval , cytokine , allergy , odds ratio , respiratory system , environmental health
Background Respiratory tract infections and their symptoms are frequent during early childhood, but their risk factors, including the effect of early immune regulation, are less known. The aim of the study was to analyze whether stimulated cord blood cytokine production is associated with the frequency of respiratory tract infection symptoms or infections during the first year of life. Methods The study population consisted of children of mothers from farm or non‐farm rural environment from Austria, Finland, Germany, and Switzerland who participated in a prospective birth cohort study ( PASTURE : Protection against Allergy—Study in Rural Environments) (N = 550). Cord blood samples were stimulated with the combination of phorbol ester and ionomycin (P/I) for 24 h, and the production of IL ‐5, IL ‐10, TNF ‐α, and IFN ‐γ was determined using ELISA . Information about infectious morbidity was collected using weekly diaries. Results P/I‐stimulated production of IL ‐5 (adjusted risk ratio ( aRR ) for ≤median production, 0.37; 95% confidence interval ( CI ), 0.25–0.55, aRR for >median production, 0.41; 95% CI , 0.27–0.61 vs. production median production, 0.39; 95% CI , 0.25–0.62 vs. production