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Early childhood growth patterns and school‐age respiratory resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and asthma
Author(s) -
Casas Maribel,
Dekker Herman T.,
Kruithof Claudia J.,
Reiss Irwin K.,
Vrijheid Martine,
Jongste Johan C.,
Jaddoe Vincent W.V.,
Duijts Liesbeth
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
pediatric allergy and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.269
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1399-3038
pISSN - 0905-6157
DOI - 10.1111/pai.12645
Subject(s) - medicine , exhaled nitric oxide , asthma , respiratory system , nitric oxide , pediatrics , immunology , spirometry
Background Greater infant weight gain is associated with lower lung function and increased risk of childhood asthma. The role of early childhood peak growth patterns is unclear. We assessed the associations of individually derived early childhood peak growth patterns with respiratory resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, wheezing patterns, and asthma until school‐age. Methods We performed a population‐based prospective cohort study among 5364 children. Repeated growth measurements between 0 and 3 years of age were used to derive standard deviation scores ( s.d.s ) of peak height and weight velocities (PHV and PWV, respectively), and body mass index (BMI) and age at adiposity peak. Respiratory resistance and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were measured at 6 years of age. Wheezing patterns and asthma were prospectively assessed by annual questionnaires. We also assessed whether any association was explained by childhood weight status. Results Greater PHV was associated with lower respiratory resistance [ Z ‐score (95% CI ): −0.03 (−0.04, −0.01) per s.d.s increase] (n = 3382). Greater PWV and BMI at adiposity peak were associated with increased risks of early wheezing [relative risk ratio (95% CI ): 1.11 (1.06, 1.16), 1.26 (1.11, 1.43), respectively] and persistent wheezing [relative risk ratio (95% CI ): 1.09 (1.03, 1.16), 1.37 (1.17, 1.60), respectively] (n = 3189 and n = 3005, respectively). Childhood weight status partly explained these associations. No other associations were observed. Conclusions PWV and BMI at adiposity peak are critical for lung developmental and risk of school‐age wheezing. Follow‐up studies at older ages are needed to elucidate whether these effects persist at later ages.