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Non‐digestible oligosaccharides modulate intestinal immune activation and suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms
Author(s) -
Kerperien J.,
Jeurink P. V.,
Wehkamp T.,
Veer A.,
Kant H. J. G.,
Hofman G. A.,
Esch E. C. A. M.,
Garssen J.,
Willemsen L. E. M.,
Knippels L. M. J.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
pediatric allergy and immunology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.269
H-Index - 89
eISSN - 1399-3038
pISSN - 0905-6157
DOI - 10.1111/pai.12311
Subject(s) - medicine , milk allergy , foxp3 , food allergy , allergy , immune system , immunology , small intestine , gastroenterology , food science , biology
Background Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy in childhood and no effective preventive or curative treatment is available. This study aimed at comparing single short‐chain galacto‐ (sc GOS ), long‐chain fructo‐ (lc FOS ) or pectin‐derived acidic oligosaccharides (p AOS ) and/or mixtures of sc GOS /lc FOS (GF) or sc GOS /lc FOS /p AOS ( GFA ) to prevent or treat food allergy. Methods In the preventive protocol, C3H/HeOuJ mice were fed diets containing single oligosaccharides or mixtures GF or GFA throughout the study protocol. In the treatment protocol, GF or GFA was provided for 4 wk starting after the last sensitization. The allergic skin response and anaphylaxis scores were determined, after oral challenge whey‐specific immunoglobulins were measured, and q PCR for T‐cell markers and Foxp3 counts using immunohistochemistry were performed on the small intestine and colon. Results Only in the preventive setting, the GF or GFA mixture, but not the single oligosaccharides, reduced the allergic skin response and whey‐IgG 1 levels in whey‐sensitized mice, compared to the control diet. Both GF and GFA increased the number of Foxp3+ cells in the proximal small intestine of whey – compared to sham‐sensitized mice. Expression of Th2 and Th17 m RNA markers increased in the middle part of the small intestine of whey‐sensitized mice, which was prevented by GF. By contrast, GFA enhanced Tbet (Th1), IL‐10 and TGF‐β m RNA expression compared to GF which was maintained in the distal small intestine and/or colon. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with sc GOS /lc FOS or sc GOS /lc FOS /p AOS during sensitization, both effectively reduce allergic symptoms but differentially affect mucosal immune activation in whey‐sensitized mice.