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Zero‐Fluoroscopy Ablation of Accessory Pathways in Children and Adolescents: CARTO3 Electroanatomic Mapping Combined with RF and Cryoenergy
Author(s) -
Scaglione Marco,
Ebrille Elisa,
Caponi Domenico,
Siboldi Alessandra,
Bertero Giovanni,
Di Donna Paolo,
Gabbarini Fulvio,
Raimondo Cristina,
Di Clemente Francesca,
Ferrato Paolo,
Marasini Maurizio,
Gaita Fiorenzo
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
pacing and clinical electrophysiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.686
H-Index - 101
eISSN - 1540-8159
pISSN - 0147-8389
DOI - 10.1111/pace.12619
Subject(s) - medicine , fluoroscopy , ablation , zero (linguistics) , accessory pathway , catheter ablation , radiofrequency ablation , radiology , philosophy , linguistics
Background Fluoroscopic catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias in pediatric patients exposes the patients to the potential risk of radiation considering the sensitivity of this population and its longer life expectancy. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of accessory pathway (AP) ablation guided by CARTO3 electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system with both cryoenergy and radiofrequency (RF) energy in order to avoid x‐ray exposure in pediatric patients. Methods We included 44 patients (mean age: 13.1 ± 3.3 years); nine of 44 presented concealed AP. An electrophysiological study with a three‐dimensional EAM reconstruction was performed in every patient with a venous transfemoral direct right atrium approach or an arterial transfemoral retrograde approach to reach the mitral annulus. In two patients with left‐sided AP, the ablation was performed via a patent foramen ovale. Results A total of 47 APs were present, left sided in 45% (21/47) of cases (15 lateral, one anterior, three posteroseptal, and two posterolateral) and right sided in 55% (26/47; one anterior, three anterolateral, one posterolateral, three lateral, five para‐Hisian, 12 posteroseptal, and one anteroseptal). Ablation without the use of fluoroscopy was successfully performed in every patient (33 with RF and in 11 with cryoenergy). No complication occurred. At a mean follow‐up of 16.0 ± 11.7 months, we observed seven recurrences, three of them successfully re‐ablated without fluoroscopy. In one case cryoablation of a para‐Hisian AP was ineffective in the long term. Conclusions Three‐dimensional EAM allowed a safe and effective fluoroless AP ablation procedure in a pediatric population both with RF and cryoenergy.