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Both the central and peripheral retina contribute to myopia development in chicks
Author(s) -
Wang Jian Chao,
Chun Rachel K. M.,
Zhou Yun Y.,
Zuo Bing,
Li King Kit,
Liu Quan,
To Chi Ho
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
ophthalmic and physiological optics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.147
H-Index - 66
eISSN - 1475-1313
pISSN - 0275-5408
DOI - 10.1111/opo.12239
Subject(s) - retina , peripheral , optometry , ophthalmology , neuroscience , biology , medicine
Abstract Purpose This study examined the contribution of the central and peripheral retina to the development of form deprivation myopia in chicks. Methods Chicks were treated for 7 days either with centrally form‐deprived ( CFD ) lenses of 2/4/6/8 mm diameter central diffuse zone, or a full size diffuser lens on their right eyes. The left eyes wore a full field plano lens. Axial dimensions and refractions were measured before and after 4 and 7 days of lens wear. Results All eyes that had worn CFD lenses of 2/4/6/8 mm had significant changes in refractive errors (from −2.69 ± 0.40 D to −6.13 ± 0.76 D, p < 0.05), vitreous chamber depth (from 0.19 ± 0.04 mm to 0.56 ± 0.04 mm, p < 0.05) and axial length (from 0.42 ± 0.03 mm to 0.96 ± 0.04 mm, p < 0.05) during the experiment, except for the changes in refractive error (−2.81 ± 0.33 D, p = 0.053) and axial length (0.77 ± 0.04 mm, p = 0.050) in the 2 mm lens group after 7 days of lens wear. The myopic shift in the CFD lens wearing eyes was due primarily to an increase in vitreous chamber depth. Linear regression analysis showed that the changes of refractive error, vitreous chamber depth and axial length were positively correlated with the size of central form‐deprived retina. Form depriving the central retina produced axial myopia even in the presence of clear peripheral vision. Conclusions The current study showed that both the central and peripheral retina contributes to myopia development in chicks. The amount of myopia induced increased linearly with the area of retina being form‐deprived. It suggests that in terms of decoding optical input for growth, the area of retina being exposed to optical signals may be critical in determining eye growth.