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Facilitation promotes plant invasions and indirect negative interactions
Author(s) -
Lortie Christopher J.,
Filazzola Alessandro,
Brown Charlotte,
Lucero Jacob,
Zuliani Mario,
Ghazian Nargol,
Haas Stephanie,
Owen Malory,
Butterfield H. Scott,
Nix Emmeleia,
Westphal Michael
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
oikos
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.672
H-Index - 179
eISSN - 1600-0706
pISSN - 0030-1299
DOI - 10.1111/oik.08443
Subject(s) - facilitation , ecology , shrub , plant community , biology , foundation species , grassland , introduced species , biodiversity , species richness , neuroscience
Numerous pressures influence the ecological capacity and health of drylands globally. Shrubs are often a critical component of these systems and can function positively as foundation species through facilitation of other species. Nonetheless, limited attention has been paid to the potential negative and indirect effects of shrubs. Here, we tested the hypothesis that plant facilitation can both accelerate the invasion process and amplify the negative effects of an invader on the native community. The invasive species Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens capitalized on facilitation by resident native shrub species. This in turn further degraded California mixed grasslands by negatively impacting other annual protégé plant species in these specific microhabitats. Indirect shrub‐mediated interactions were thus a critical component of the ecological community assembly processes, and this suggests that we need to move beyond pairwise interactions to more rapidly advance grassland management and restoration theory.