Premium
Oral bacterial diversity is inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation
Author(s) -
Hijazi Karolin,
Morrison Roderick W.,
Mukhopadhya Indrani,
Martin Brennan,
Gemmell Matthew,
Shaw Sophie,
Santoro Francesco
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.13420
Subject(s) - recurrent aphthous stomatitis , saliva , immunology , mucosal inflammation , context (archaeology) , oral lichen planus , microbiome , medicine , interleukin , immune system , stomatitis , inflammation , cytokine , gastroenterology , biology , bioinformatics , paleontology
Objective We investigated the relationship amongst the oral mucosal bacterial community, clinical severity and inflammatory markers in the two most common immune‐mediated oral mucosal diseases, namely recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and oral lichen planus (LP). Methods Patients with RAS ( n = 15) and LP ( n = 18) and healthy controls ( n = 13) were recruited using criteria to reduce the effect of factors that influence the microbiota structure independently of oral mucosal disease. Clinical severity was quantified using validated scoring methods. DNA was extracted from oral mucosal swabs for 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing. Salivary cytokines were measured using cytometric bead assays. Correlation studies were conducted amongst microbial diversity, clinical scores and cytokine concentrations. Results We observed a significant reduction of bacterial diversity in LP and RAS patients compared to controls ( p = .021 and .044, respectively). Reduced bacterial diversity in LP and RAS correlated with increased clinical scores of the two conditions (⍴ = −0.551 to −0.714). A negative correlation was observed between microbial diversity and salivary interferon‐γ, interleukin‐17A and interleukin‐1β (⍴ = −0.325 to −0.449). Conclusions This study reports reduced oral microbial diversity in the context of increased mucosal inflammation and supports the role for microbial diversity as a marker or contributor to oral mucosal inflammatory disease activity and development.