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Periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort
Author(s) -
Silva Manuela F.,
Nascimento Gustavo G.,
Leite Fábio R.M.,
Horta Bernardo L.,
Demarco Flávio F.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.13286
Subject(s) - periodontitis , medicine , dentistry , cohort , confounding , cohort study , oral hygiene
Objective To investigate the association between periodontitis and self‐reported halitosis among young adults, and whether there is an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis. Methods Data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort, Brazil, were used. The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on self‐reported halitosis, not mediated by tongue coating, was estimated using marginal structural modeling. In addition, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also tested. Confounders comprised sociodemographic information, obesity, diabetes, and oral hygiene habits. Results The controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating showed that individuals with periodontitis had 90% higher risk of self‐reporting halitosis (RR 1.90) compared to healthy individuals. Individuals with mild periodontitis had twice the risk of reporting halitosis than periodontally healthy individuals (RR 2.31). We also found an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis, as noted among smokers with mild (RR 2.91) and moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis (RR 5.84). Conclusion There is a controlled direct effect of periodontitis on halitosis not mediated by tongue coating. Additionally, an interaction between the effects of smoking and periodontitis on halitosis was also detected.