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Toluidine blue aids in detection of dysplasia and carcinoma in suspicious oral lesions
Author(s) -
ChainaniWu N,
Madden E,
Cox D,
Sroussi H,
Epstein J,
Silverman S
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.12358
Subject(s) - medicine , leukoplakia , carcinoma in situ , biopsy , carcinoma , dysplasia , pathology , toluidine , lesion , dermatology , cancer , chemistry
Objectives Accurate clinical identification of ‘higher‐risk’ oral premalignant lesions or ‘higher‐risk’ areas within lesions is important. Assessment methods that predict their presence have great utility. Subjects and Methods A cross‐sectional, observational study enrolled a consecutive sample of consenting patients diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, or erythroplakia. Medical history, visual oral examination, ViziLite ® examination, toluidine blue staining ( TB lue ® ), and finally a biopsy were completed in a single clinic visit. Seventy‐seven of 100 examined lesions in 43 patients were biopsied. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were computed for visual examination, ViziLite ® , and TB lue ® using biopsy results as the gold standard. Results The sensitivity of TB lue ® in detecting high‐risk lesions (carcinoma in situ or carcinoma) was 94 (71–100, P < 0.0003) and specificity 45 (32–58, P < 0.53), while for carcinoma, sensitivity was 100 (54–100, P < 0.032) and specificity 39 (28–52, P < 0.097). The results of ViziLite ® testing either by itself or in combination with the information from toluidine blue testing revealed low sensitivity for the detection of high‐risk lesions. Conclusions Clinical examination of leukoplakia, erythroplakia, or erythroleukoplakia lesions combined with toluidine blue staining may aid in the identification of severe dysplasia (carcinoma in situ ) or carcinoma. This may help in determining whether, when, and where (the site within a lesion) a biopsy should be taken.