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Eckols reduce dental pulp inflammation through the ERK 1/2 pathway independent of COX ‐2 inhibition
Author(s) -
Paudel U,
Lee YH,
Kwon TH,
Park NH,
Yun BS,
Hwang PH,
Yi HK
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.12266
Subject(s) - mapk/erk pathway , chemistry , kinase , pulp capping , phosphorylation , western blot , alkaline phosphatase , pulp (tooth) , cytotoxicity , mineralized tissues , dentin , pharmacology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , medicine , dentistry , enzyme , in vitro , gene
Objectives The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of 6‐6 bieckol ( EB 1) and pholorofucofuroeckol‐A ( EB 5) from brown seaweed marine algae ( Eisenia bicyclis ) on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )‐induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells ( HDPC s). Methods The cytotoxicity of EB 1 and EB 5 was examined by MTT assay on LPS ‐induced human dental pulp cells. Their role on expression of inflammatory, odontogenic, and osteogenic molecules was determined by Western blot analysis. The dentin mineralization was checked by alkaline phosphatase activity. Results The five compounds from E. bicyclis have different structure with non‐cytotoxic in HDPC s. EB 1 and EB 5 showed anti‐inflammatory properties and inhibited phosphorylated‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ ERK 1/2) and phosphorylated‐c‐jun N ‐terminal kinases (p‐ JNK ) without any cytotoxicity. In particular, EB 1 inhibited cyclooxygenase‐2 ( COX ‐2) and p‐ ERK 1/2 signaling, and EB 5 inhibited only p‐ ERK 1/2 signaling but not COX ‐2. Both compounds inhibited nuclear factor kappa‐B ( NF ‐ κ B) translocation. Furthermore, EB 1 and EB 5 increased dentinogenic and osteogenic molecules, and dentin mineralized via alkaline phosphatase activity ( ALP ) in LPS ‐induced HDPC s. Conclusions This study elucidates that EB 1 and EB 5 have different types of anti‐inflammatory property and help in dentin formation. Therefore, these compounds derived from marine algae of E. bicyclis may be used as selective therapeutic strategies for pulpitis and oral diseases.