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Reciprocal effects of Interferon‐γ and IL ‐4 on differentiation to osteoclast‐like cells by RANKL or LPS
Author(s) -
Hu Y,
EkRylander B,
Wendel M,
Andersson G
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.12189
Subject(s) - rankl , osteoclast , population , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , cellular differentiation , immunology , cathepsin k , biology , medicine , biochemistry , activator (genetics) , in vitro , gene , environmental health
Objective LPS can induce differentiation to osteoclast‐like cells independent of RANKL . In comparison with RANKL , the effects of T h1 and T h2 cytokines on LPS ‐induced osteoclastogenesis have not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of IFN ‐γ and IL ‐4 on RANKL ‐ or LPS ‐induced osteoclastogenesis. Materials and methods RAW 264.7 cells were induced to differentiate into osteoclast‐like cells by RANKL or LPS , in the absence or presence of IFN ‐γ or IL ‐4. The number of TRAP ‐positive, multinucleated (≥ 3 nuclei) cells ( MNC s) was counted. m RNA and protein levels of TRAP and cathepsin K were determined by quantitative RT ‐ PCR and Western immunoblot, respectively. Expression of other genes implicated in osteoclast and macrophage differentiation and inflammation was also quantitated and was subsequently assessed in bone marrow‐derived macrophages ( BMM s). Phagocytic capacity of differentiated RAW 264.7 was investigated by the uptake of pHrodo S. aureus bioparticles conjugates. Results In contrast to the RANKL ‐treated cell population that gained more macrophage‐like properties at the level of gene and protein expression as well as phagocytosis in the presence of IFN ‐γ or IL ‐4, the LPS ‐induced population gained more osteoclast‐like properties by the addition of the same factors. Conclusion These data suggest that the adaptive immune system, through either Th1 or Th2 cytokines, is able to modify the differentiation process of osteoclasts in inflammatory situations. Moreover, the study provides an example of different regulation of osteoclast differentiation during physiological and inflammatory conditions.