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Antiretroviral therapy: effects on orofacial health and health care
Author(s) -
Diz Dios P,
Scully C
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.12093
Subject(s) - medicine , adverse effect , orofacial pain , dermatology , nevirapine , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , lipodystrophy , reverse transcriptase , erythema multiforme , antiretroviral therapy , pharmacology , viral load , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immunology , surgery , rna , biochemistry , chemistry , gene
This study summarizes the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy ( ART ) agents against HIV on orofacial health and health care. Current antiretroviral agents fall mainly into three major classes: nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTI s), non‐nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTI s) and protease inhibitors ( PI s) – now with the new classes of fusion inhibitors, entry inhibitors ‐ CCR 5 co‐receptor antagonists and HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors. Many of the ART agents can have adverse orofacial effects, or can give rise to allergies or drug interactions – the optimum anti‐ HIV drug has yet to be found. There are few orofacial adverse effects that characterize a particular ART class, but erythema multiforme ( EM ), ulcers and xerostomia may be associated with reverse‐transcriptase inhibitors ( RTI ); parotid lipomatosis, taste disturbance, xerostomia and perioral paraesthesia mainly related to PI s. Facial lipoatrophy is a common adverse effect of NRTI s; EM is more frequently associated with NNRTI s. Thus, although most of the more recent ART drugs and combinations of them show improved safety profiles, some may give rise to orofacial adverse effects, and may affect oral health care.