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Arecoline‐stimulated placenta growth factor production in gingival epithelial cells: modulation by curcumin
Author(s) -
Cheng SJ,
Ko HH,
Cheng SL,
Lee JJ,
Chen HM,
Chang HH,
Kok SH,
Kuo MYP,
Chiang CP
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
oral diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.953
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1601-0825
pISSN - 1354-523X
DOI - 10.1111/odi.12034
Subject(s) - arecoline , curcumin , chemistry , carcinogenesis , carcinogen , mapk/erk pathway , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , reactive oxygen species , biochemistry , medicine , signal transduction , biology , receptor , muscarinic acetylcholine receptor , gene
Objective Placenta growth factor ( P l GF ) is associated with the progression and prognosis of oral cancer. Materials and Methods This study used ELISA, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting to study the arecoline‐stimulated ( P l GF ) protein or m RNA expression in human gingival epithelial S‐G cells. Results Arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid and an oral carcinogen, could stimulate P l GF protein synthesis in S ‐ G cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The levels of P l GF protein secretion increased about 3.1‐ and 3.8‐fold after 24‐h exposure to 0.4 and 0.8 mM arecoline, respectively. Pretreatment with antioxidant N ‐acetyl‐ l ‐cysteine ( NAC ) and ERK inhibitor PD 98059, but not NF ‐κB inhibitor Bay 11‐7082, JNK inhibitor SP 600125, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580, and PI 3‐ K inhibitor LY 294002, significantly reduced arecoline‐induced P l GF protein synthesis. ELISA analyses demonstrated that NAC and PD 98059 reduced about 43% and 38% of the arecoline‐induced P l GF protein secretion, respectively. However, combined treatment with NAC and PD 98059 did not show additive effect. Moreover, 10 μM curcumin and 4 mM NAC significantly inhibited arecoline‐induced ERK activation. Furthermore, 10 μM curcumin completely blocked arecoline‐induced P l GF m RNA expression. Conclusion Arecoline‐induced P l GF synthesis is probably mediated by reactive oxygen species/ ERK pathways, and curcumin may be an useful agent in controlling oral carcinogenesis.