Premium
Maternal‐related factors in the origin of isolated cleft palate—A population‐based case‐control study
Author(s) -
Ács Lili,
Bányai Dorottya,
Nemes Bálint,
Nagy Krisztián,
Ács Nándor,
Bánhidy Ferenc,
Rózsa Noémi
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
orthodontics and craniofacial research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1601-6343
pISSN - 1601-6335
DOI - 10.1111/ocr.12361
Subject(s) - medicine , case control study , pregnancy , population , pediatrics , logistic regression , offspring , obstetrics , genetics , environmental health , biology
Objects Isolated cleft palate (CPO) is the rarest form of oral clefting affecting 1‐25 per 10 000 newborns worldwide. There is increasing evidence for the different pathogenetic backgrounds of CPO and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. The role of environmental factors in the origin of non‐syndromic and syndromic CPO is unclear in most patients. The aim of this study was to estimate possible maternal risk factors in the origin of CPO. Setting and Sample Population The Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities contains data of 32 345 birth defect cases and 57 231 control newborns. The study samples included 751 cases with isolated CPO, 1196 matched controls and 57 231 population controls. Material and Methods Maternal diseases during pregnancy in cases and population controls were compared, and adjusted ORs with 95% CI were calculated in a multivariable unconditional logistic regression model. Results Beyond the well‐known robust female excess (58.9%)—maternal smoking (OR with 95% CI: 2.34, 1.94‐2.81) medically recorded maternal anaemia, threatened abortion and excessive vomiting in pregnancy were associated with a higher risk for CPO in the offspring. An elevated risk was found in Graves’ disease (OR: 4.30, 1.74‐10.62), epilepsy (OR: 4.64, 2.44‐8.82), migraine (OR: 2.82, 1.18‐6.76) and essential hypertension (OR: 2.33, 1.32‐4.10). Among acute diseases common cold (OR: 4.94, 3.48‐7.03), acute respiratory infections (OR: 4.20, 1.49‐11.82), influenza (OR: 2.95, 1.75‐4.95), pulpitis (OR: 7.85, 2.80‐22.03), cholecystitis (OR: 3.15, 1.16‐8.60), acute urinary tract infections (OR: 4.08, 2.22‐7.49) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (OR: 3.93, 1.62‐9.53) during pregnancy also were associated with an increased risk for developing CPO. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that maternal diseases and lifestyle factors during the first trimester play a significant role in the development of isolated cleft palate.