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Local myogenic pulp‐derived cell injection enhances craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo
Author(s) -
Jung J. E.,
Song M. J.,
Shin S.,
Choi Y. J.,
Kim K. H.,
Chung C. J.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
orthodontics and craniofacial research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.664
H-Index - 55
eISSN - 1601-6343
pISSN - 1601-6335
DOI - 10.1111/ocr.12138
Subject(s) - myogenin , desmin , pulp (tooth) , in vivo , regeneration (biology) , chemistry , myocyte , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , pathology , medicine , myogenesis , immunology , immunohistochemistry , vimentin
Structured Abstract Objectives To enhance myogenic differentiation in pulp cells isolated from extracted premolars by epigenetic modification using a DNA demethylation agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza), and to evaluate the potent stimulatory effect of 5‐Aza‐treated pulp cell injection for craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo. Setting and Sample Population Pulp cells were isolated from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes from four adults (age range, 18‐22.1 years). Material and Methods Levels of myogenic differentiation and functional contraction response in vitro were compared between pulp cells with or without pre‐treatment of 5‐Aza. Changes in muscle regeneration in response to green fluorescent protein ( GFP )‐labelled myogenic pulp cell injection in vivo were evaluated using a cardiotoxin ( CTX )‐induced muscle injury model of the gastrocnemius as well as the masseter muscle in mice. Results Pre‐treatment of 5‐Aza in pulp cells stimulated myotube formation, myogenic differentiation in terms of desmin and myogenin expression, and the level of collagen gel contraction. The local injection of 5‐Aza pre‐treated myogenic pulp cells was engrafted into the host tissue and indicated signs of enhanced muscle regeneration in both the gastrocnemius and the masseter muscles. Conclusion The epigenetic modification of pulp cells from extracted premolars and the local injection of myogenic pulp cells may stimulate craniofacial muscles regeneration in vivo.