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The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID‐19 patients: a meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
Deng Jiawen,
Zhou Fangwen,
Hou Wenteng,
Silver Zachary,
Wong Chi Yi,
Chang Oswin,
Huang Emma,
Zuo Qi Kang
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.14506
Subject(s) - anxiety , meta analysis , depression (economics) , cinahl , medicine , psychiatry , medline , mental health , population , clinical psychology , psychological intervention , environmental health , biology , economics , macroeconomics , biochemistry
Evidence from previous coronavirus outbreaks has shown that infected patients are at risk for developing psychiatric and mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. To construct a comprehensive picture of the mental health status in COVID‐19 patients, we conducted a systematic review and random‐effects meta‐analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in this population. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Wanfang Data, Wangfang Med Online, CNKI, and CQVIP for relevant articles, and we included 31 studies ( n = 5153) in our analyses. We found that the pooled prevalence of depression was 45% (95% CI: 37–54%, I 2 = 96%), the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 47% (95% CI: 37–57%, I 2 = 97%), and the pooled prevalence of sleeping disturbances was 34% (95% CI: 19–50%, I 2 = 98%). We did not find any significant differences in the prevalence estimates between different genders; however, the depression and anxiety prevalence estimates varied based on different screening tools. More observational studies assessing the mental wellness of COVID‐19 outpatients and COVID‐19 patients from countries other than China are needed to further examine the psychological implications of COVID‐19 infections.