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Visuospatial bootstrapping: spatialized displays enhance digit and nonword sequence learning
Author(s) -
Darling Stephen,
Havelka Jelena,
Allen Richard J.,
Bunyan Elle,
Flornes Lise
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.14429
Subject(s) - keypad , bootstrapping (finance) , task (project management) , computer science , sequence (biology) , numerical digit , sequence learning , term (time) , artificial intelligence , spatial learning , cognitive psychology , spatial ability , speech recognition , cognition , psychology , arithmetic , mathematics , physics , management , quantum mechanics , neuroscience , biology , computer hardware , economics , genetics , financial economics
Visuospatial bootstrapping describes the observation that performance on a verbal memory task is enhanced by presenting the to‐be‐remembered material in a format with additional embedded spatial information. Thus far, it has only been reported in short‐term memory tasks. Here, we report two experiments assessing the impact of spatial information on the learning of sequences in long‐term memory. Experiment 1 used digits presented within a familiar numeric keypad as stimuli compared against single digits presented in one location. Experiment 2 used novel nonwords, which were either presented in an unchanging arrangement permitting the building‐up of location knowledge or in a constantly changing arrangement. Both experiments demonstrated strong evidence that reliable spatial information facilitated sequence learning, particularly in later sequence positions. It is concluded that the incidental availability of spatialized information during study can facilitate learning of sequences of digits and nonwords. Furthermore, the spatial information can be learned during the task itself and does not need to be preexistent in long‐term knowledge.