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Parallel signaling pathways of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulate several intrinsic ion channels
Author(s) -
Johnson Gregory C.,
May Victor,
Parsons Rodney L.,
Hammack Sayamwong E.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.14116
Subject(s) - vasoactive intestinal peptide , chemistry , signal transduction , microbiology and biotechnology , neuropeptide , adenylate kinase , second messenger system , pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide , ion channel , hyperpolarization (physics) , receptor , neuroscience , biophysics , biology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), acting through its cognate receptors PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2, is a pleiotropic signaling neuropeptide of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/secretin/glucagon family. PACAP has known functions in neuronal growth, development, and repair, and central PACAP signaling has acute behavioral consequences. One of the ways in which PACAP may affect neuronal function is through the modulation of intrinsic membrane currents to control neuronal excitability. Here, we review the evidence of PACAP‐dependent modulation of calcium‐ and voltage‐gated potassium currents, hyperpolarization‐activated cation currents, calcium currents, and voltage‐gated sodium currents. Interestingly, PACAP signaling pathways diverge into parallel pathways to target different ionic currents for modulation, though single pathways are not limited to modulating just one target ionic current. Despite the various targets of modulation, the weight of the evidence suggests that PACAP signaling most commonly leads to a net increase in neuronal excitability. We discuss possible mechanisms by which PACAP signaling leads to the modulation of intrinsic membrane currents that may contribute to changes in behavior.