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Targeting LOX‐1 in atherosclerosis and vasculopathy: current knowledge and future perspectives
Author(s) -
Tian Kunming,
Ogura Sayoko,
Little Peter J.,
Xu Suowen,
Sawamura Tatsuya
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13984
Subject(s) - foam cell , scavenger receptor , disease , receptor , medicine , endothelial dysfunction , lipoprotein , coronary artery disease , macrophage , cancer research , platelet activation , low density lipoprotein , immunology , platelet , biology , pathology , biochemistry , cholesterol , in vitro
LOX‐1 (lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1; also known as OLR1) is the dominant receptor that recognizes and internalizes oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (ox‐LDLs) in endothelial cells. Several genetic variants of LOX‐1 are associated with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease. The LOX‐1–ox‐LDL interaction induces endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte adhesion, macrophage‐derived foam cell formation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. LOX‐1 activation eventually leads to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and acute cardiovascular events. In addition, LOX‐1 can be cleaved to generate soluble LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1), which is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for atherosclerosis‐related diseases in human patients. Of therapeutic relevance, several natural products and clinically used drugs have emerged as LOX‐1 inhibitors that have antiatherosclerotic actions. We hereby provide an updated overview of role of LOX‐1 in atherosclerosis and associated vascular diseases, with an aim to highlighting the potential of LOX‐1 as a novel theranostic tool for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.