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Early life adversity and health‐risk behaviors: proposed psychological and neural mechanisms
Author(s) -
Duffy Korrina A.,
McLaughlin Katie A.,
Green Paige A.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13928
Subject(s) - psychology , affect (linguistics) , addiction , developmental psychology , cognition , discounting , association (psychology) , clinical psychology , neuroscience , psychotherapist , communication , finance , economics
Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with poorer health in adulthood, an association explained, at least in part, by increased engagement in health‐risk behaviors (HRBs). In this review, we make the case that ELA influences brain development in ways that increase the likelihood of engaging in HRBs. We argue that ELA alters neural circuitry underpinning cognitive control as well as emotional processing, including networks involved in processing threat and reward. These neural changes are associated psychologically and behaviorally with heightened emotional reactivity, blunted reward responsivity, poorer emotion regulation, and greater delay discounting. We then demonstrate that these adaptations to ELA are associated with an increased risk of smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and eating high‐fat, high‐sugar foods. Furthermore, we explore how HRBs affect the brain in ways that reinforce addiction and further explain clustering of HRBs.