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Mesenchymal cell differentiation and diseases: involvement of translin/TRAX complexes and associated proteins
Author(s) -
Kasai Masataka,
Ishida Reiko,
Nakahara Kazuhiko,
Okumura Ko,
Aoki Katsunori
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13690
Subject(s) - biology , microrna , cellular differentiation , adipogenesis , microbiology and biotechnology , gene silencing , induced pluripotent stem cell , mesenchymal stem cell , genetics , embryonic stem cell , gene
Translin and translin‐associated factor X (translin/TRAX) proteins have been implicated in a variety of cellular activities central to nucleic acid metabolism. Accumulating evidence indicates that translin/TRAX complexes participate in processes ensuring the replication of DNA, as well as cell division. Significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of translin/TRAX complexes in RNA metabolism, such as through RNA‐induced silencing complex activation or the microRNA depletion that occurs in Dicer deficiency. At the cellular level, translin‐deficient ( Tsn –/– ) mice display delayed endochondral ossification or progressive bone marrow failure with ectopic osteogenesis and adipogenesis, suggesting involvement in mesenchymal cell differentiation. In this review, we summarize the molecular and cellular functions of translin homo‐octamer and translin/TRAX hetero‐octamer. Finally, we discuss the multifaceted roles of translin, TRAX, and associated proteins in the healthy and disease states.