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Gambling disorder: an integrative review of animal and human studies
Author(s) -
Nautiyal Katherine M.,
Okuda Mayumi,
Hen Rene,
Blanco Carlos
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13356
Subject(s) - impulse control disorder , comorbidity , addiction , psychology , gambling disorder , disease , public health , pathological , psychiatry , clinical psychology , medicine , pathology
Gambling disorder (GD), previously called pathological gambling and classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM‐III and DSM‐IV, has recently been reclassified as an addictive disorder in the DSM‐5. It is widely recognized as an important public health problem associated with substantial personal and social costs, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, poor physical health, and elevated suicide rates. A number of risk factors have been identified, including some genetic polymorphisms. Animal models have been developed in order to study the underlying neural basis of GD. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the risk factors, disease course, and pathophysiology. A focus on a phenotype‐based dissection of the disorder is included in which known neural correlates from animal and human studies are reviewed. Finally, current treatment approaches are discussed, as well as future directions for GD research.