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Cytoprotective effects of dietary flavonoids against cadmium‐induced toxicity
Author(s) -
Li Xia,
Jiang Xinwei,
Sun Jianxia,
Zhu Cuijuan,
Li Xiaoling,
Tian Lingmin,
Liu Liu,
Bai Weibin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13344
Subject(s) - reactive oxygen species , toxicity , chemistry , antioxidant , pharmacology , flavonols , dna damage , cadmium , in vivo , lipid peroxide , flavonoid , biochemistry , lipid peroxidation , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , dna , organic chemistry
Cadmium (Cd) damages the liver, kidney, bones, reproductive system, and other organs. Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, which are commonly found in plant foods, have shown protective effects against Cd‐induced damage. The cytoprotective effects of flavonoids against Cd‐induced diseases are mainly attributable to three mechanisms. First, flavonoids clear reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing lipid peroxide production and improving the activity of antioxidation enzymes. Second, flavonoids chelate Cd, thus reducing the accumulation of Cd and altering the levels of other essential metal ions in vivo . Third, flavonoids reduce DNA damage and inhibit apoptosis. In addition, flavonoids were found to inhibit inflammation and fibrosis and improve glycometabolism and the secretion of reproductive hormones. We introduce the daily dosage and absorption rate of flavonoids and then focus on their bioactive effects against Cd‐induced toxicity and reveal the underlying metabolic pathway, which provides a basis for further study of the nutritional prevention of Cd‐induced injury. In particular, a better understanding is needed of the structure–activity relationship of flavonoids against Cd toxicity, which has not yet been reported.