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Chlorine‐induced cardiopulmonary injury
Author(s) -
Carlisle Matthew,
Lam Adam,
Svendsen Erik R.,
Aggarwal Saurabh,
Matalon Sadis
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/nyas.13091
Subject(s) - toxicity , medicine , inhalation exposure , inhalation , pathogenesis , lung , inflammation , respiratory distress , intensive care medicine , pharmacology , immunology , anesthesia
Chlorine (Cl 2 ) is utilized worldwide for a diverse range of industrial applications, including pulp bleaching, sanitation, and pharmaceutical development. Though Cl 2 has widespread use, little is known regarding the mechanisms of toxicity associated with Cl 2 exposure, which occurs during industrial accidents or acts of terrorism. Previous instances of Cl 2 exposure have led to reported episodes of respiratory distress that result in high morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, studies suggest that acute Cl 2 exposure also results in systemic vascular injury and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction. Here, we review both lung and cardiac pathology associated with acute Cl 2 inhalation and discuss recently published data that suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies the pathogenesis of Cl 2 ‐induced toxicity. Last, we discuss our findings that suggest that upregulation of autophagy protects against Cl 2 ‐induced lung inflammation and can be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating the toxic effects of Cl 2 exposure.