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Seed inoculations with entomopathogenic fungi affect aphid populations coinciding with modulation of plant secondary metabolite profiles across plant families
Author(s) -
Rasool Shumaila,
Vidkjær Nanna H.,
Hooshmand Kourosh,
Jensen Birgit,
Fomsgaard Inge S.,
Meyling Nicolai V.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.16979
Subject(s) - biology , aphid , rhopalosiphum padi , beauveria bassiana , entomopathogenic fungus , population , aphis , aphis craccivora , botany , inoculation , pest analysis , myzus persicae , biological pest control , agronomy , aphididae , homoptera , horticulture , demography , sociology
Summary Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can display a plant‐associated lifestyle as endophytes. Seed application of EPF can affect insect herbivory above ground, but the mechanisms behind this are not documented. Here we applied three EPF isolates, Beauveria bassiana , Metarhizium brunneum and M . robertsii , as seed inoculation of wheat and bean, and evaluated the effects on population growth of aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Aphis fabae , respectively. In wheat and bean leaves, we quantified benzoxazinoids and flavonoids, respectively, in response to EPF inoculation and aphid infestation to elucidate the role of specific plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in plant–fungus–herbivore interactions. Inoculations of wheat and bean with M . robertsii and B . bassiana reduced aphid populations compared with control treatments, whereas M . brunneum unexpectedly increased the populations of both aphids. Concentrations of the majority of PSMs were differentially altered in EPF‐treated plants infested with aphids. Changes in aphid numbers were associated with PSMs regulation rather than EPF endophytic colonisation capacity. This study links the effects of EPF seed inoculations against aphids with unique PSM accumulation patterns in planta . The understanding of PSM regulation in tri‐trophic interactions is important for the future development of EPF for pest management.