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Structural biology of plant defence
Author(s) -
Song Wen,
Forderer Alexander,
Yu Dongli,
Chai Jijie
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.16906
Subject(s) - effector , biology , pattern recognition receptor , immune system , receptor , immune receptor , innate immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , pathogen associated molecular pattern , immunity , immunology , genetics
Summary Plants employ the innate immune system to discriminate between self and invaders through two types of immune receptors, one on the plasma membrane and the other in the intracellular space. The immune receptors on the plasma membrane are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that can perceive pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host‐derived damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) leading to pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Particular pathogens are capable of overcoming PTI by secreting specific effectors into plant cells to perturb different components of PTI signalling through various mechanisms. Most of the immune receptors from the intracellular space are the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat receptors (NLRs), which specifically recognize pathogen‐secreted effectors to mediate effector‐triggered immunity (ETI). In this review, we will summarize recent progress in structural studies of PRRs, NLRs, and effectors, and discuss how these studies shed light on ligand recognition and activation mechanisms of the two types of immune receptors and the diversified mechanisms used by effectors to manipulate plant immune signalling.