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Summary    Pathogenic fungi often target the plant plasma membrane (PM) H + ‐ATPase during infection. To identify pathogenic compounds targeting plant H + ‐ATPases, we screened extracts from 10  Stemphylium  species for their effect on H + ‐ATPase activity.  We identified  Stemphylium loti  extracts as potential H + ‐ATPase inhibitors, and through chemical separation and analysis, tenuazonic acid (TeA) as a potent H + ‐ATPase inhibitor. By assaying ATP hydrolysis and H +  pumping, we confirmed TeA as a H + ‐ATPase inhibitor both  in vitro  and  in vivo . To visualize  in planta  inhibition of the H + ‐ATPase, we treated pH‐sensing  Arabidopsis thaliana  seedlings with TeA and quantified apoplastic alkalization.  TeA affected both ATPase hydrolysis and H +  pumping, supporting a direct effect on the H + ‐ATPase. We demonstrated apoplastic alkalization of  A. thaliana  seedlings after short‐term TeA treatment, indicating that TeA effectively inhibits plant PM H + ‐ATPase  in planta . TeA‐induced inhibition was highly dependent on the regulatory C‐terminal domain of the plant H + ‐ATPase.   Stemphylium loti  is a phytopathogenic fungus. Inhibiting the plant PM H + ‐ATPase results in membrane potential depolarization and eventually necrosis. The corresponding fungal H + ‐ATPase, PMA1, is less affected by TeA when comparing native preparations. Fungi are thus able to target an essential plant enzyme without causing self‐toxicity.

Tenuazonic acid from Stemphylium loti inhibits the plant plasma membrane H + ‐ATPase by a mechanism involving the C‐terminal regulatory domain