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Single‐base methylome profiling of the giant kelp Saccharina japonica reveals significant differences in DNA methylation to microalgae and plants
Author(s) -
Fan Xiao,
Han Wentao,
Teng Linhong,
Jiang Peng,
Zhang Xiaowen,
Xu Dong,
Li Chang,
Pellegrini Matteo,
Wu Chunhui,
Wang Yitao,
Kaczurowski Michelle Joyce Slade,
Lin Xin,
Tirichine Leila,
Mock Thomas,
Ye Naihao
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.16125
Subject(s) - biology , dna methylation , genetics , brown algae , gene , rna directed dna methylation , epigenetics , sporophyte , methylation , algae , gene expression , botany
Summary Brown algae have convergently evolved plant‐like body plans and reproductive cycles, which in plants are controlled by differential DNA methylation. This contribution provides the first single‐base methylome profiles of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes of a multicellular alga. Although only c . 1.4% of cytosines in Saccharina japonica were methylated mainly at CHH sites and characterized by 5‐methylcytosine (5mC), there were significant differences between life‐cycle stages. DNA methyltransferase 2 ( DNMT 2), known to efficiently catalyze tRNA methylation, is assumed to methylate the genome of S. japonica in the structural context of tRNA s as the genome does not encode any other DNA methyltransferases. Circular and long noncoding RNA genes were the most strongly methylated regulatory elements in S. japonica . Differential expression of genes was negatively correlated with DNA methylation with the highest methylation levels measured in both haploid gametophytes. Hypomethylated and highly expressed genes in diploid sporophytes included genes involved in morphogenesis and halogen metabolism. The data herein provide evidence that cytosine methylation, although occurring at a low level, is significantly contributing to the formation of different life‐cycle stages, tissue differentiation and metabolism in brown algae.