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Nitric oxide and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory elements in the Solanum lycopersicum – Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal symbiosis
Author(s) -
MartínezMedina Ainhoa,
Pescador Leyre,
Fernández Iván,
RodríguezSerrano María,
García Juan M.,
RomeroPuertas María C.,
Pozo María J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.15898
Subject(s) - rhizophagus irregularis , symbiosis , biology , fusarium oxysporum , downregulation and upregulation , pathogen , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , gene , genetics , bacteria , arbuscular mycorrhizal
Summary The regulatory role of nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobins in plant response to pathogenic and mutualistic microbes has been evidenced. However, little is known about their function in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. We investigated whether NO and phytoglobin PHYTOGB1 are regulatory components in the AM symbiosis. Rhizophagus irregularis in vitro‐ grown cultures and tomato plants were used to monitor AM‐associated NO‐related root responses as compared to responses triggered by the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum . A genetic approach was conducted to understand the role of PHYTOGB1 on NO signaling during both interactions. After a common early peak in NO levels in response to both fungi, a specific NO accumulation pattern was triggered in tomato roots during the onset of the AM interaction. PHYTOGB1 was upregulated by the AM interaction. By contrast, the pathogen triggered a continuous NO accumulation and a strong downregulation of PHYTOGB1 . Manipulation of PHYTOGB1 levels in overexpressing and silenced roots led to a deregulation of NO levels and altered mycorrhization and pathogen infection. We demonstrate that the onset of the AM symbiosis is associated with a specific NO‐related signature in the host root. We propose that NO regulation by PHYTOGB1 is a regulatory component of the AM symbiosis.