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Suilloid fungi as global drivers of pine invasions
Author(s) -
Policelli Nahuel,
Bruns Thomas D.,
Vilgalys Rytas,
Nuñez Martin A.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.15660
Subject(s) - biology , biological dispersal , ecology , colonization , biota , ecosystem , introduced species , invasive species , mycorrhizal fungi , ectosymbiosis , botany , mycorrhiza , symbiosis , population , demography , sociology , immunology , inoculation , genetics , bacteria
Summary Belowground biota can deeply influence plant invasion. The presence of appropriate soil mutualists can act as a driver to enable plants to colonize new ranges. We reviewed the species of ectomycorrhizal fungi ( EMF ) that facilitate pine establishment in both native and non‐native ranges, and that are associated with their invasion into nonforest settings. We found that one particular group of EMF , suilloid fungi, uniquely drive pine invasion in the absence of other EMF . Although the association with other EMF is variable, suilloid EMF are always associated with invasive pines, particularly at early invasion, when invasive trees are most vulnerable. We identified five main ecological traits of suilloid fungi that may explain their key role at pine invasions: their long‐distance dispersal capacity, the establishment of positive biotic interactions with mammals, their capacity to generate a resistant spore bank, their rapid colonization of roots and their long‐distance exploration type. These results suggest that the identity of mycorrhizal fungi and their ecological interactions, rather than simply the presence of compatible fungi, are key to the understanding of plant invasion processes and their success or failure. Particularly for pines, their specific association with suilloid fungi determines their invasion success in previously uninvaded ecosystems.