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The Phytophthora sojae RXLR effector Avh238 destabilizes soybean Type2 Gm ACS s to suppress ethylene biosynthesis and promote infection
Author(s) -
Yang Bo,
Wang Yuyin,
Guo Baodian,
Jing Maofeng,
Zhou Hao,
Li Yufei,
Wang Haonan,
Huang Jie,
Wang Yan,
Ye Wenwu,
Dong Suomeng,
Wang Yuanchao
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.15581
Subject(s) - phytophthora sojae , effector , biology , phytophthora , virulence , mutant , biosynthesis , plant defense against herbivory , microbiology and biotechnology , innate immune system , biochemistry , genetics , gene , immune system , botany
SummaryPhytophthora pathogens secrete many effector proteins to manipulate host innate immunity. PsAvh238 is a Phytophthora sojae N‐terminal Arg‐X‐Leu‐Arg ( RXLR ) effector, which evolved to escape host recognition by mutating one nucleotide while retaining plant immunity‐suppressing activity to enhance infection. However, the molecular basis of the PsAvh238 virulence function remains largely enigmatic. By using coimmunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we identified the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase ( ACS ) isoforms, the key enzymes in ethylene ( ET ) biosynthesis, as a host target of PsAvh238. We show that PsAvh238 interacts with soybean ACS s (Gm ACS s) in vivo and in vitro . By destabilizing Type2 Gm ACS s, PsAvh238 suppresses Type2 ACS ‐catalyzed ET biosynthesis and facilitates Phytophthora infection. Silencing of Type2 Gm ACS s, and inhibition of ET biosynthesis or signaling, increase soybean susceptibility to P . sojae infection, supporting a role for Type2 Gm ACS s and ET in plant immunity against P. sojae . Moreover, wild‐type P . sojae but not the PsAvh238‐disrupted mutants, inhibits ET induction and promotes P . sojae infection in soybean. Our results highlight the ET biosynthesis pathway as an essential part in plant immunity against P. sojae and a direct effector target.