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Distinct branches of the N‐end rule pathway modulate the plant immune response
Author(s) -
Vicente Jorge,
Mendiondo Guillermina M.,
Pauwels Jarne,
Pastor Victoria,
Izquierdo Yovanny,
Naumann Christin,
Movahedi Mahsa,
Rooney Daniel,
Gibbs Daniel J.,
Smart Katherine,
Bachmair Andreas,
Gray Julie E.,
Dissmeyer Nico,
Castresana Carmen,
Ray Rumiana V.,
Gevaert Kris,
Holdsworth Michael J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.15387
Subject(s) - biology , pseudomonas syringae , blumeria graminis , arabidopsis thaliana , ubiquitin ligase , s nitrosylation , microbiology and biotechnology , plant disease resistance , arabidopsis , immune system , biochemistry , phytoalexin , proteolysis , ubiquitin , genetics , gene , cysteine , mutant , enzyme , resveratrol
Summary The N‐end rule pathway is a highly conserved constituent of the ubiquitin proteasome system, yet little is known about its biological roles. Here we explored the role of the N‐end rule pathway in the plant immune response. We investigated the genetic influences of components of the pathway and known protein substrates on physiological, biochemical and metabolic responses to pathogen infection. We show that the glutamine (Gln) deamidation and cysteine (Cys) oxidation branches are both components of the plant immune system, through the E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS ( PRT )6. In Arabidopsis thaliana Gln‐specific amino‐terminal (Nt)‐amidase ( NTAQ 1) controls the expression of specific defence‐response genes, activates the synthesis pathway for the phytoalexin camalexin and influences basal resistance to the hemibiotroph pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato ( Pst ). The Nt‐Cys ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VII transcription factor substrates enhance pathogen‐induced stomatal closure. Transgenic barley with reduced Hv PRT 6 expression showed enhanced resistance to Ps. japonica and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei , indicating a conserved role of the pathway. We propose that that separate branches of the N‐end rule pathway act as distinct components of the plant immune response in flowering plants.