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Evolutionary history of mycorrhizal symbioses and global host plant diversity
Author(s) -
Brundrett Mark C.,
Tedersoo Leho
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14976
Subject(s) - biology , symbiosis , biodiversity , mycorrhiza , botany , mycorrhizal fungi , ecology , arbuscular mycorrhiza , epiphyte , genetics , bacteria , immunology , inoculation
ContentsSummary 1108 I. Introduction 1108 II. Mycorrhizal plant diversity at global and local scales 1108 III. Mycorrhizal evolution in plants: a brief update 1111 IV. Conclusions and perspectives 1114References 1114Summary The majority of vascular plants are mycorrhizal: 72% are arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ), 2.0% are ectomycorrhizal (EcM), 1.5% are ericoid mycorrhizal and 10% are orchid mycorrhizal. Just 8% are completely nonmycorrhizal ( NM ), whereas 7% have inconsistent NM – AM associations. Most NM and NM – AM plants are nutritional specialists (e.g. carnivores and parasites) or habitat specialists (e.g. hydrophytes and epiphytes). Mycorrhizal associations are consistent in most families, but there are exceptions with complex roots (e.g. both EcM and AM ). We recognize three waves of mycorrhizal evolution, starting with AM in early land plants, continuing in the Cretaceous with multiple new NM or EcM linages, ericoid and orchid mycorrhizas. The third wave, which is recent and ongoing, has resulted in root complexity linked to rapid plant diversification in biodiversity hotspots.