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Papain‐like cysteine proteases as hubs in plant immunity
Author(s) -
MisasVillamil Johana C.,
Hoorn Renier A. L.,
Doehlemann Gunther
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14117
Subject(s) - proteases , plant immunity , effector , immunity , biology , immune system , pathogen , papain , plant defense against herbivory , microbiology and biotechnology , enzyme , biochemistry , immunology , gene , arabidopsis , mutant
Summary Plants deploy a sophisticated immune system to cope with different microbial pathogens and other invaders. Recent research provides an increasing body of evidence for papain‐like cysteine proteases ( PLCP s) being central hubs in plant immunity. PLCP s are required for full resistance of plants to various pathogens. At the same time, PLCP s are targeted by secreted pathogen effectors to suppress immune responses. Consequently, they are subject to a co‐evolutionary host–pathogen arms race. When activated, PLCP s induce a broad spectrum of defense responses including plant cell death. While the important role of PLCP s in plant immunity has become more evident, it remains largely elusive how these enzymes are activated and which signaling pathways are triggered to orchestrate different downstream responses.ContentsSummary 902 I. Introduction 902 II. Depletion of PLCPs hampers plant immunity 903 III. PLCPs are common targets of pathogen effectors 903 IV. PLCPs induce defense responses and cell death 903 V. PLCPs can act as co‐receptors 905 VI. Natural variation in PLCPs is caused by arms races and host adaptation 905 VII. Conclusion: how do PLCPs activate immunity? 905Acknowledgements 906References 906