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From start to finish: amino‐terminal protein modifications as degradation signals in plants
Author(s) -
Gibbs Daniel J.,
Bailey Mark,
Tedds Hannah M.,
Holdsworth Michael J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14105
Subject(s) - proteolysis , acetylation , ubiquitin , protein degradation , biochemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , plastid , regulator , chemistry , enzyme , gene , chloroplast
Summary The amino‐ (N‐) terminus (Nt) of a protein can undergo a diverse array of co‐ and posttranslational modifications. Many of these create degradation signals (N‐degrons) that mediate protein destruction via the N‐end rule pathway of ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis. In plants, the N‐end rule pathway has emerged as a major system for regulated control of protein stability. Nt‐arginylation‐dependent degradation regulates multiple growth, development and stress responses, and recently identified functions of Nt‐acetylation can also be linked to effects on the in vivo half‐lives of Nt‐acetylated proteins. There is also increasing evidence that N‐termini could act as important protein stability determinants in plastids. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between the nature of protein N‐termini, Nt‐processing events and proteolysis in plants.ContentsSummary 1188 I. Introduction 1188 II. The plant Arg/N‐end rule: a central regulator of development and stress signalling 1189 III. Nt‐acetylation as a putative degradation signal in plants 1190 IV. The N‐terminus as a stability determinant in plastids 1191 V. Concluding remarks 1192Acknowledgements 1192References 1192