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The loss of vernalization requirement in narrow‐leafed lupin is associated with a deletion in the promoter and de‐repressed expression of a Flowering Locus T ( FT ) homologue
Author(s) -
Nelson Matthew N.,
Książkiewicz Michał,
Rychel Sandra,
Besharat Naghmeh,
Taylor Candy M.,
Wyrwa Katarzyna,
Jost Ricarda,
Erskine William,
Cowling Wallace A.,
Berger Jens D.,
Batley Jacqueline,
Weller James L.,
Naganowska Barbara,
Wolko Bogdan
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14094
Subject(s) - vernalization , biology , locus (genetics) , genetics , lupinus , flowering locus c , gene , lupinus angustifolius , botany , arabidopsis , mutant
Summary Adaptation of Lupinus angustifolius (narrow‐leafed lupin) to cropping in southern Australian and northern Europe was transformed by a dominant mutation ( Ku ) that removed vernalization requirement for flowering. The Ku mutation is now widely used in lupin breeding to confer early flowering and maturity. We report here the identity of the Ku mutation. We used a range of genetic, genomic and gene expression approaches to determine whether Flowering Locus T ( FT ) homologues are associated with the Ku locus. One of four FT homologues present in the narrow‐leafed lupin genome, Lan FT c1 , perfectly co‐segregated with the Ku locus in a reference mapping population. Expression of Lan FT c1 in the ku (late‐flowering) parent was strongly induced by vernalization, in contrast to the Ku (early‐flowering) parent, which showed constitutively high Lan FT c1 expression. Co‐segregation of this expression phenotype with the Lan FT c1 genotype indicated that the Ku mutation impairs cis ‐regulation of Lan FT c1 . Sequencing of Lan FT c1 revealed a 1.4‐kb deletion in the promoter region, which was perfectly predictive of vernalization response in 216 wild and domesticated accessions. Linkage disequilibrium rapidly decayed around Lan FT c1 , suggesting that this deletion caused the loss of vernalization response. This is the first time a legume FT c subclade gene has been implicated in the vernalization response.