Premium
A Plasmodium ‐like virulence effector of the soybean cyst nematode suppresses plant innate immunity
Author(s) -
Noon Jason B.,
Qi Mingsheng,
Sill Danielle N.,
Muppirala Usha,
Evesvan den Akker Sebastian,
Maier Thomas R.,
Dobbs Drena,
Mitchum Melissa G.,
Hewezi Tarek,
Baum Thomas J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14047
Subject(s) - effector , biology , soybean cyst nematode , innate immune system , obligate , virulence , convergent evolution , genetics , phylogenetic tree , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , gene , botany
SummaryHeterodera glycines , the soybean cyst nematode, delivers effector proteins into soybean roots to initiate and maintain an obligate parasitic relationship. HgGLAND18 encodes a candidate H. glycines effector and is expressed throughout the infection process. We used a combination of molecular, genetic, bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses to determine the role of HgGLAND18 during H. glycines infection. HgGLAND18 is necessary for pathogenicity in compatible interactions with soybean. The encoded effector strongly suppresses both basal and hypersensitive cell death innate immune responses, and immunosuppression requires the presence and coordination between multiple protein domains. The N‐terminal domain in HgGLAND18 contains unique sequence similarity to domains of an immunosuppressive effector of Plasmodium spp., the malaria parasites. The Plasmodium effector domains functionally complement the loss of the N‐terminal domain from HgGLAND18. In‐depth sequence searches and phylogenetic analyses demonstrate convergent evolution between effectors from divergent parasites of plants and animals as the cause of sequence and functional similarity.