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EXTRA SPINDLE POLES (Separase) controls anisotropic cell expansion in Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) embryos independently of its role in anaphase progression
Author(s) -
Moschou Panagiotis N.,
Savenkov Eugene I.,
Minina Elena A.,
Fukada Kazutake,
Reza Salim Hossain,
GutierrezBeltran Emilio,
SanchezVera Victoria,
Suarez Maria F.,
Hussey Patrick J.,
Smertenko Andrei P.,
Bozhkov Peter V.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.14012
Subject(s) - phragmoplast , separase , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , anaphase , cytokinesis , cell plate , mitosis , spindle apparatus , callose , arabidopsis thaliana , cell division , botany , genetics , cell cycle , mutant , cell , cell wall , gene
Summary The caspase‐related protease separase ( EXTRA SPINDLE POLES , ESP ) plays a major role in chromatid disjunction and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana . Whether the expansion phenotypes are linked to defects in cell division in Arabidopsis ESP mutants remains elusive. Here we present the identification, cloning and characterization of the gymnosperm Norway spruce ( Picea abies , Pa) ESP . We used the P. abies somatic embryo system and a combination of reverse genetics and microscopy to explore the roles of Pa ESP during embryogenesis. Pa ESP was expressed in the proliferating embryonal mass, while it was absent in the suspensor cells. Pa ESP associated with kinetochore microtubules in metaphase and then with anaphase spindle midzone. During cytokinesis, it localized on the phragmoplast microtubules and on the cell plate. Pa ESP deficiency perturbed anisotropic expansion and reduced mitotic divisions in cotyledonary embryos. Furthermore, whilst Pa ESP can rescue the chromatid nondisjunction phenotype of Arabidopsis ESP mutants, it cannot rescue anisotropic cell expansion. Our data demonstrate that the roles of ESP in daughter chromatid separation and cell expansion are conserved between gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, the mechanisms of ESP ‐mediated regulation of cell expansion seem to be lineage‐specific.