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Bacterial‐induced calcium oscillations are common to nitrogen‐fixing associations of nodulating legumes and non‐legumes
Author(s) -
Granqvist Emma,
Sun Jongho,
Op den Camp Rik,
Pujic Petar,
Hill Lionel,
Normand Philippe,
Morris Richard J.,
Downie J. Allan,
Geurts Rene,
Oldroyd Giles E. D.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.13464
Subject(s) - rhizobia , biology , frankia , nod factor , nitrogen fixation , botany , symbiosis , root nodule , root hair , actinorhizal plant , fabaceae , bacteria , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Summary Plants that form root‐nodule symbioses are within a monophyletic ‘nitrogen‐fixing’ clade and associated signalling processes are shared with the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Central to symbiotic signalling are nuclear‐associated oscillations in calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), occurring in the root hairs of several legume species in response to the rhizobial Nod factor signal. In this study we expanded the species analysed for activation of Ca 2+ oscillations, including non‐leguminous species within the nitrogen‐fixing clade. We showed that Ca 2+ oscillations are a common feature of legumes in their association with rhizobia, while Cercis , a non‐nodulating legume, does not show Ca 2+ oscillations in response to Nod factors from Sinorhizobium fredii NGR 234. Parasponia andersonii , a non‐legume that can associate with rhizobia, showed Nod factor‐induced calcium oscillations to S. fredii NGR 234 Nod factors, but its non‐nodulating sister species, Trema tomentosa , did not. Also within the nitrogen‐fixing clade are actinorhizal species that associate with Frankia bacteria and we showed that Alnus glutinosa induces Ca 2+ oscillations in root hairs in response to exudates from Frankia alni , but not to S. fredii NGR 234 Nod factors. We conclude that the ability to mount Ca 2+ oscillations in response to symbiotic bacteria is a common feature of nodulating species within the nitrogen‐fixing clade.