Premium
Principles and methods for automated palynology
Author(s) -
Holt K. A.,
Bennett K. D.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12848
Subject(s) - palynology , automation , pollen , computer science , software , data science , identification (biology) , artificial intelligence , machine learning , biology , ecology , engineering , programming language , mechanical engineering
Summary Pollen grains are microscopic so their identification and quantification has, for decades, depended upon human observers using light microscopes: a labour‐intensive approach. Modern improvements in computing and imaging hardware and software now bring automation of pollen analyses within reach. In this paper, we provide the first review in over 15 yr of progress towards automation of the part of palynology concerned with counting and classifying pollen, bringing together literature published from a wide spectrum of sources. We consider which attempts offer the most potential for an automated palynology system for universal application across all fields of research concerned with pollen classification and counting. We discuss what is required to make the datasets of these automated systems as acceptable as those produced by human palynologists, and present suggestions for how automation will generate novel approaches to counting and classifying pollen that have hitherto been unthinkable.