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Carbon and nitrogen gain during the growth of orchid seedlings in nature
Author(s) -
Stöckel Marcus,
Těšitelová Tamara,
Jersáková Jana,
Bidartondo Martin I.,
Gebauer Gerhard
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12688
Subject(s) - biology , autotroph , botany , orchidaceae , ectosymbiosis , nutrient , symbiosis , nitrogen , mycorrhiza , ecology , chemistry , bacteria , genetics , organic chemistry
Summary For germination and establishment, orchids depend on carbon (C) and nutrients supplied by mycorrhizal fungi. As adults, the majority of orchids then appear to become autotrophic. To compare the proportional C and nitrogen (N) gain from fungi in mycoheterotrophic seedlings and in adults, here we examined in the field C and N stable isotope compositions in seedlings and adults of orchids associated with ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Using a new highly sensitive approach, we measured the isotope compositions of seedlings and adults of four orchid species belonging to different functional groups: fully and partially mycoheterotrophic orchids associated with narrow or broad sets of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and two adult putatively autotrophic orchids associated exclusively with saprotrophic fungi. Seedlings of orchids associated with ectomycorrhizal fungi were enriched in 13 C and 15 N similarly to fully mycoheterotrophic adults. Seedlings of saprotroph‐associated orchids were also enriched in 13 C and 15 N , but unexpectedly their enrichment was significantly lower, making them hardly distinguishable from their respective adult stages and neighbouring autotrophic plants. We conclude that partial mycoheterotrophy among saprotroph‐associated orchids cannot be identified unequivocally based on C and N isotope compositions alone. Thus, partial mycoheterotrophy may be much more widely distributed among orchids than hitherto assumed.