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The REL 3 ‐ mediated TAS 3 ta‐si RNA pathway integrates auxin and ethylene signaling to regulate nodulation in L otus japonicus
Author(s) -
Li Xiaolin,
Lei Mingjuan,
Yan Zhongyuan,
Wang Qi,
Chen Aimin,
Sun Jie,
Luo Da,
Wang Yanzhang
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12550
Subject(s) - auxin , mutant , biology , rna , rhizobia , microbiology and biotechnology , root nodule , ethylene , leghemoglobin , biogenesis , lateral root , biochemistry , symbiosis , arabidopsis , gene , genetics , bacteria , catalysis
Summary The ta‐si RNA pathway is required for lateral organ development, including leaf patterning, flower differentiation and lateral root growth. Legumes can develop novel lateral root organs – nodules – resulting from symbiotic interactions with rhizobia. However, ta‐si RNA regulation in nodule formation remains unknown. To explore ta‐si RNA regulation in nodule formation, we investigated the roles of REL 3 , a key component of TAS 3 ta‐si RNA biogenesis, during nodulation in L otus japonicus . We characterized the symbiotic phenotypes of the TAS 3 ta‐si RNA defective rel3 mutant, and analyzed the responses of the rel3 mutant to auxin and ethylene in order to gain insight into TAS 3 ta‐si RNA regulation of nodulation. The rel3 mutant produced fewer pink nitrogen‐fixing nodules, with substantially decreased infection frequency and nodule initiation. Moreover, the rel3 mutant was more resistant than wild‐type to 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid ( NAA ) and N ‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid ( NPA ) in root growth, and exhibited insensitivity to auxins but greater sensitivity to auxin transport inhibitors during nodulation. Furthermore, the rel3 mutant has enhanced root‐specific ethylene sensitivity and altered responses to ethylene during nodulation; the low‐nodulating phenotype of the rel3 mutant can be restored by ethylene synthesis inhibitor L ‐α‐(2‐aminoethoxyvinyl)‐glycine ( AVG ) or action inhibitor A g + . The REL 3‐mediated TAS 3 ta‐si RNA pathway regulates nodulation by integrating ethylene and auxin signaling.