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Nematode effector proteins: an emerging paradigm of parasitism
Author(s) -
Mitchum Melissa G.,
Hussey Richard S.,
Baum Thomas J.,
Wang Xiaohong,
Elling Axel A.,
Wubben Martin,
Davis Eric L.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12323
Subject(s) - effector , biology , nematode , function (biology) , microbiology and biotechnology , computational biology , ecology
Summary Phytonematodes use a stylet and secreted effectors to modify host cells and ingest nutrients to support their growth and development. The molecular function of nematode effectors is currently the subject of intense investigation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of nematode effectors, with a particular focus on proteinaceous stylet‐secreted effectors of sedentary endoparasitic phytonematodes, for which a wealth of information has surfaced in the past 10 yr. We provide an update on the effector repertoires of several of the most economically important genera of phytonematodes and discuss current approaches to dissecting their function. Lastly, we highlight the latest breakthroughs in effector discovery that promise to shed new light on effector diversity and function across the phylum N ematoda.ContentsSummary 879 I. Introduction 879 II. Nematode effector regulation and delivery into host cells 881 III. Nematode effectors as probes of plant cell biology 883 IV. Functional characterization of effectors 885 V. Cell cycle and cytoskeleton 885 VI. New approaches for effector identification 888 VII. A global perspective of nematode effector function 889Acknowledgements 890References 890