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Apoplastic immunity and its suppression by filamentous plant pathogens
Author(s) -
Doehlemann Gunther,
Hemetsberger Christoph
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12277
Subject(s) - apoplast , biology , plant immunity , pathogen , plant defense against herbivory , microbiology and biotechnology , virulence , host (biology) , botany , cell wall , ecology , biochemistry , arabidopsis , gene , mutant
Summary Microbial plant pathogens have evolved a variety of strategies to enter plant hosts and cause disease. In particular, biotrophic pathogens, which parasitize living plant tissue, establish sophisticated interactions in which they modulate the plant's metabolism to their own good. The prime decision, whether or not a pathogen can accommodate itself in its host tissue, is made during the initial phase of infection. At this stage, the plant immune system recognizes conserved molecular patterns of the invading microbe, which initiate a set of basal immune responses. Induced plant defense proteins, toxic compounds and antimicrobial proteins encounter a broad arsenal of pathogen‐derived virulence factors that aim to disarm host immunity. Crucial regulatory processes and protein–protein interactions take place in the apoplast, that is, intercellular spaces, plant cell walls and defined host–pathogen interfaces which are formed between the plant cytoplasm and the specialized infection structures of many biotrophic pathogens. This article aims to provide an insight into the most important principles and components of apoplastic plant immunity and its modulation by filamentous microbial pathogens.ContentsSummary 1001 I. Live and let die – the basics of interaction 1001 II. A kettle of color – components of apoplastic plant defense 1003 III. A kettle of color – components of apoplastic plant defense 1004 IV. How they learned to live with the bomb – disarming proteases 1005 V. Hide and seek – how to survive the apoplast 1006 VI. Hide and seek – how to survive the apoplast 1007 VII. Back to the future – challenges and opportunities 1011Acknowledgements 1011References 1011