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Functional dissection of the PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 promoters reveals the importance of WRKY factors in mediating microbe‐associated molecular pattern‐induced expression
Author(s) -
Logemann Elke,
Birkenbihl Rainer P.,
Rawat Vimal,
Schneeberger Korbinian,
Schmelzer Elmon,
Somssich Imre E.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
new phytologist
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.742
H-Index - 244
eISSN - 1469-8137
pISSN - 0028-646X
DOI - 10.1111/nph.12233
Subject(s) - wrky protein domain , promoter , biology , chromatin immunoprecipitation , transcription factor , enhancer , genetics , gene , reporter gene , gene expression , microbiology and biotechnology , transcriptome
Summary In Arabidopsis thaliana , small peptides ( A t P eps) encoded by PROPEP genes act as damage‐associated molecular patterns ( DAMP s) that are perceived by two leucine‐rich repeat receptor kinases, PEPR 1 and PEPR 2, to amplify defense responses. In particular, expression of PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 is strongly and rapidly induced by A t Peps, in response to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal pathogens, and microbe‐associated molecular patterns ( MAMP s). The cis ‐regulatory modules ( CRM s) within the PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 promoters that mediate MAMP responsiveness were delineated, employing parsley ( Petroselinum crispum ) protoplasts and transgenic A. thaliana plants harboring promoter‐reporter constructs. By chromatin immunoprecipitation in vivo , DNA interactions with a specific transcription factor were detected. Furthermore, the phast C ons program was used to identify conserved regions of the PROPEP3 locus in different B rassicaceae species. The major MAMP ‐responsive CRM within the PROPEP2 promoter is composed of several W boxes and an as1 / OCS ( activation sequence‐1/octopine synthase ) enhancer element, while in the PROPEP3 promoter the CRM is comprised of six W boxes. The WRKY 33 transcription factor binds in vivo to these promoter regions in a MAMP ‐dependent manner. Both the position and orientation of the six W boxes are conserved within the PROPEP3 promoters of four other B rassicaceae family members. WRKY factors are the major regulators of MAMP ‐induced PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 expression.